[Tracer] (Event Grid 1/5) Add contract and core behavior

tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/ClrProfiler/AutoInstrumentation/Azure/EventGrid/EventGridCommon.cs

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+// <copyright file="EventGridCommon.cs" company="Datadog">
+// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed under the Apache 2 License.
+// This product includes software developed at Datadog (https://www.datadoghq.com/). Copyright 2017 Datadog, Inc.
+// </copyright>
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Datadog.Trace.ClrProfiler.CallTarget;
+using Datadog.Trace.Configuration;
+using Datadog.Trace.Configuration.Schema;
+using Datadog.Trace.DuckTyping;
+using Datadog.Trace.Logging;
+using Datadog.Trace.Propagators;
+using Datadog.Trace.Tagging;
+
+namespace Datadog.Trace.ClrProfiler.AutoInstrumentation.Azure.EventGrid;
+
+internal static class EventGridCommon
+{
+    private static readonly IDatadogLogger Log = DatadogLogging.GetLoggerFor(typeof(EventGridCommon));
+
+    internal static CallTargetState CreateProducerSpan<TTarget, TEvents>(TTarget instance, ref TEvents events, bool injectContext)
+        where TTarget : IEventGridPublisherClient
+    {
+        var tracer = Tracer.Instance;
+        if (!IsIntegrationEnabled(tracer))
+        {
+            return CallTargetState.GetDefault();
+        }
+
+        var uriBuilder = instance.UriBuilder;
+        var host = uriBuilder?.Host;
+        var port = uriBuilder?.Port ?? -1;
+        return CreateProducerSpan(tracer, host, port, ref events, injectContext);
+    }
+
+    internal static CallTargetState CreateNamespaceProducerSpanForEvent<TTarget, TCloudEvent>(TTarget instance, TCloudEvent cloudEvent)
+        where TTarget : IEventGridSenderClient
+        where TCloudEvent : ICloudEvent
+    {
+        var tracer = Tracer.Instance;
+        if (!IsIntegrationEnabled(tracer))
+        {
+            return CallTargetState.GetDefault();
+        }
+
+        var endpoint = instance.Endpoint;
+        object? singleEvent = cloudEvent.Instance is null ? null : cloudEvent;
+        return CreateProducerSpan(tracer, endpoint?.Host, endpoint?.Port ?? -1, events: null, singleEvent);
+    }
+
+    internal static CallTargetState CreateNamespaceProducerSpanForEvents<TTarget, TEvents>(TTarget instance, ref TEvents cloudEvents)
+        where TTarget : IEventGridSenderClient
+    {
+        var tracer = Tracer.Instance;
+        if (!IsIntegrationEnabled(tracer))
+        {
+            return CallTargetState.GetDefault();
+        }
+
+        var endpoint = instance.Endpoint;
+        return CreateProducerSpan(tracer, endpoint?.Host, endpoint?.Port ?? -1, ref cloudEvents, injectContext: true);
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsIntegrationEnabled(Tracer tracer) =>
+        tracer.CurrentTraceSettings.Settings.IsIntegrationEnabled(IntegrationId.AzureEventGrid, defaultValue: false);
+
+    private static CallTargetState CreateProducerSpan<TEvents>(Tracer tracer, string? host, int port, ref TEvents events, bool injectContext)
+    {
+        var enumerable = events as IEnumerable;
+        var state = CreateProducerSpan(tracer, host, port, enumerable, singleEvent: null);
+        if (state.Scope is not { } scope || enumerable is null)
+        {
+            return state;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var observer = new EventGridEnumerableObserver(scope, enumerable is ICollection collection ? collection.Count : null, injectContext);
+            events = EventGridObservingEnumerable.Wrap(events, observer);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Log.Debug(ex, "Error wrapping Azure Event Grid events for context injection");
+        }
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    private static CallTargetState CreateProducerSpan(Tracer tracer, string? host, int port, IEnumerable? events, object? singleEvent)
+    {
+        Scope? scope = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var tags = tracer.CurrentTraceSettings.Schema.Messaging.CreateAzureEventGridTags(SpanKinds.Producer);
+            tags.MessagingOperation = "send";
+
+            tags.NetworkDestinationName = host;
+
+            if (port is not -1)
+            {
+                tags.NetworkDestinationPort = port.ToString();
+            }
+
+            var messageCount = singleEvent is not null ? 1 : events is ICollection collection ? collection.Count : 0;
+            if (messageCount > 1)
+            {
+                tags.MessagingBatchMessageCount = messageCount.ToString();
+            }
+
+            var (serviceName, serviceNameSource) = tracer.CurrentTraceSettings.Schema.Messaging.GetServiceNameMetadata(MessagingSchema.ServiceType.AzureEventGrid);
+            scope = tracer.StartActiveInternal("azure_eventgrid.send", tags: tags, serviceName: serviceName, serviceNameSource: serviceNameSource);
+            var span = scope.Span;
+
+            span.Type = SpanTypes.Queue;
+            span.ResourceName = "eventgrid";
+
+            if (singleEvent is not null)
+            {
+                ProcessEvent(singleEvent, span, scope);
+            }
+
+            tracer.TracerManager.Telemetry.IntegrationGeneratedSpan(IntegrationId.AzureEventGrid);
+
+            return new CallTargetState(scope);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Log.Error(ex, "Error creating Azure Event Grid producer span");
+            scope?.Dispose();
+            return CallTargetState.GetDefault();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessEvent(object evt, Span span, Scope scope)
+    {
+        SetMessageId(evt, span);
+        InjectContext(evt, scope);
+    }
+
+    private static void InjectContext(object evt, Scope scope)
+    {
+        if (evt.TryDuckCast<ICloudEvent>(out var cloudEvent)
+            && cloudEvent.ExtensionAttributes is { } attrs)
+        {
+            InjectW3CContext(attrs, scope, Tracer.Instance.Settings.PropagationStyleInject);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void SetMessageId(object evt, Span span)
+    {
+        if (evt.TryDuckCast<IEventGridEventId>(out var eventGridEvent) && eventGridEvent.Id is { Length: > 0 } id)
+        {
+            span.SetTag(Tags.MessagingMessageId, id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Injects the configured W3C traceparent, tracestate, and baggage into CloudEvent ExtensionAttributes.
+    /// Uses the W3C propagator directly because CloudEvent extension attribute names
+    /// only allow lowercase letters and digits — Datadog-format headers (x-datadog-*)
+    /// would throw ArgumentException. Pre-populating the W3C attributes also prevents
+    /// the Azure SDK from overwriting them with its Activity-based context.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static void InjectW3CContext(IDictionary<string, object> extensionAttributes, Scope scope, string[] propagationStyles)
+    {
+        if (scope.Span.Context is not { } spanContext)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var context = new PropagationContext(spanContext, Baggage.Current);
+            var carrier = default(Shared.AzureMessagingCommon.DictionaryContextPropagation);
+
+            if (IsPropagationStyleEnabled(propagationStyles, ContextPropagationHeaderStyle.W3CTraceContext) ||
+                IsPropagationStyleEnabled(propagationStyles, ContextPropagationHeaderStyle.Deprecated.W3CTraceContext))
+            {
+                W3CTraceContextPropagator.Instance.Inject(context, extensionAttributes, carrier);
+            }
+
+            if (IsPropagationStyleEnabled(propagationStyles, ContextPropagationHeaderStyle.W3CBaggage))
+            {
+                W3CBaggagePropagator.Instance.Inject(context, extensionAttributes, carrier);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Log.Warning(ex, "Failed to inject W3C trace context into CloudEvent ExtensionAttributes");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsPropagationStyleEnabled(string[] propagationStyles, string expectedStyle)
+    {
+        foreach (var propagationStyle in propagationStyles)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(propagationStyle, expectedStyle, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EventGridEnumerableObserver : EventGridObservingEnumerable.IObserver
+    {
+        private readonly Scope _scope;
+        private readonly int? _knownCount;
+        private readonly bool _injectContext;
+
+        public EventGridEnumerableObserver(Scope scope, int? knownCount, bool injectContext)
+        {
+            _scope = scope;
+            _knownCount = knownCount;
+            _injectContext = injectContext;
+        }
+
+        public void OnItem(object? item)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (item is not null)
+                {
+                    if (_knownCount == 1)
+                    {
+                        SetMessageId(item, _scope.Span);
+                    }
+
+                    if (_injectContext)
+                    {
+                        InjectContext(item, _scope);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Log.Debug(ex, "Error processing an Azure Event Grid event");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void OnEnumerationCompleted(int count, object? firstItem)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (!_knownCount.HasValue && count > 1)
+                {
+                    _scope.Span.SetTag(Tags.MessagingBatchMessageCount, count.ToString());
+                }
+
+                if (!_knownCount.HasValue && count == 1 && firstItem is not null)
+                {
+                    SetMessageId(firstItem, _scope.Span);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Log.Debug(ex, "Error finalizing Azure Event Grid event processing");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/ClrProfiler/AutoInstrumentation/Azure/EventGrid/EventGridObservingEnumerable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// <copyright file="EventGridObservingEnumerable.cs" company="Datadog">
+// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed under the Apache 2 License.
+// This product includes software developed at Datadog (https://www.datadoghq.com/). Copyright 2017 Datadog, Inc.
+// </copyright>
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Datadog.Trace.ClrProfiler.AutoInstrumentation.Azure.EventGrid;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Replaces a declared <see cref="IEnumerable{T}"/> argument with an observing wrapper without
+/// taking a compile-time dependency on the enumerable's item type.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Event Grid send APIs accept deferred or one-shot sequences. Enumerating them in the CallTarget begin callback
+/// could execute customer code early, consume the sequence, or observe different event instances from those the
+/// Azure SDK eventually sends. This wrapper observes items only as the SDK enumerates them, preserving the source's
+/// enumeration timing and item flow. It is constructed dynamically because the tracer cannot reference the Azure SDK
+/// event types.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class EventGridObservingEnumerable
+{
+    internal interface IObserver
+    {
+        void OnItem(object? item);
+
+        void OnEnumerationCompleted(int count, object? firstItem);
+    }
+
+    private interface IEnumerableWrapperFactory
+    {
+        object Create(object events, IObserver observer);
+    }
+
+    internal static TEvents Wrap<TEvents>(TEvents events, IObserver observer)
+    {
+        if ((object?)events is null || FactoryCache<TEvents>.Factory is not { } factory)
+        {
+            return events;
+        }
+
+        return (TEvents)factory.Create(events, observer);
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<TEvent> Observe<TEvent>(IEnumerable<TEvent> events, IObserver observer)
+    {
+        object? firstItem = null;
+        var count = 0;
+
+        foreach (var item in events)
+        {
+            if (count == 0)
+            {
+                firstItem = item;
+            }
+
+            count++;
+            try
+            {
+                observer.OnItem(item);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Instrumentation must not affect customer enumeration.
+            }
+
+            yield return item;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            observer.OnEnumerationCompleted(count, firstItem);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Instrumentation must not affect customer enumeration.
+        }
+    }
+
+    // CallTarget supplies TEvents as the method's declared parameter type, for example IEnumerable<CloudEvent>.
+    // The tracer cannot reference CloudEvent directly, so reflection closes EnumerableWrapperFactory<TEvent> once.
+    // The resulting factory is cached, and subsequent calls perform no reflection.
+    private static class FactoryCache<TEvents>
+    {
+        public static readonly IEnumerableWrapperFactory? Factory = CreateFactory();
+
+        private static IEnumerableWrapperFactory? CreateFactory()
+        {
+            var eventsType = typeof(TEvents);
+            if (!eventsType.IsGenericType || eventsType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() != typeof(IEnumerable<>))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var eventType = eventsType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
+            var factoryType = typeof(EnumerableWrapperFactory<>).MakeGenericType(eventType);
+            return Activator.CreateInstance(factoryType, nonPublic: true) as IEnumerableWrapperFactory;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EnumerableWrapperFactory<TEvent> : IEnumerableWrapperFactory
+    {
+        public object Create(object events, IObserver observer)
+            => Observe((IEnumerable<TEvent>)events, observer);
+    }
+}

tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/ClrProfiler/AutoInstrumentation/Azure/EventGrid/ICloudEvent.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// <copyright file="ICloudEvent.cs" company="Datadog">
+// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed under the Apache 2 License.
+// This product includes software developed at Datadog (https://www.datadoghq.com/). Copyright 2017 Datadog, Inc.
+// </copyright>
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Datadog.Trace.DuckTyping;
+
+namespace Datadog.Trace.ClrProfiler.AutoInstrumentation.Azure.EventGrid;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Duck type for Azure.Messaging.CloudEvent
+/// </summary>
+internal interface ICloudEvent : IEventGridEventId, IDuckType
+{
+    IDictionary<string, object> ExtensionAttributes { get; }
+}