Enable a subset of cppcoreguidelines checks

[scal444]

No description provided.

[greptile-apps]

Confidence Score: 5/5

The PR appears safe to merge because the previously identified lint-breaking check is now excluded and no new issues were found.

Summary

This PR enables a selected subset of cppcoreguidelines clang-tidy checks while excluding checks incompatible with existing CUDA, C, RDKit, numerical, and performance-sensitive code.

• The update since the previous review excludes cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access.
• This resolves the previously reported clang-tidy failure involving intentional union access.

_{Reviews (2) · Last reviewed commit: "Exclude intentional CUDA union access"}

[scal444]

Towards #308