[FLINK-40268][table] JSON_TYPE implementation

[VasShabu]

What is the purpose of the change

This PR is adding the implementation of the builting function JSON_TYPE builtin function to Apache Flink.

(For example: This pull request makes task deployment go through the blob server, rather than through RPC. That way we avoid re-transferring them on each deployment (during recovery).)

Brief change log

(for example:)

• Added java codegen function
• Added function when after parsing will output the type of json
• Added docs (sql_functions.yml, sql_functions_zh.yml, BaseExpression.java, expression.py) to document how/what the function works/does.

Verifying this change

./mvnw -o -pl flink-table/flink-table-planner -Dtest='JsonFunctionsITCase' -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dspotless.check.skip=true -e -Drat.skip=true -Denforcer.skip=true test

or (depending on version)

mvn -o -pl flink-table/flink-table-planner -Dtest='JsonFunctionsITCase' -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dspotless.check.skip=true -e -Drat.skip=true -Denforcer.skip=true test

Please make sure both new and modified tests in this PR follow the conventions for tests defined in our code quality guide.

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

(example:)

• Added JSON_TYPE functionality

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs / JavaDocs ). (sql_function.yml/expression.py)

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Was generative AI tooling used to co-author this PR?

• Yes (please specify the tool below)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 8511671 Azure: SUCCESS

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