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VaguelySerious and others added 7 commits August 21, 2026 16:32
…3728)

* fix(world-vercel,world-local): hold process-wide state on globalThis

Both packages are bundled into the host application's server build, and a
bundler keys module identity on (resource, layer) — Next.js alone builds
`instrument`, app-route, `ssr` and `edge` layers, so one process holds one
copy of each of these modules per layer. Every module-scope `const`/`let` in
them was therefore per-copy state wearing the costume of a process singleton.

#3493 made `@workflow/world-vercel` bundled rather than
external and the events WebSocket transport regressed to HTTP for exactly
this reason: the queue consumer registered its channel in the `instrument`
copy's `Map` and the write path looked it up in the route copy's empty one. A
deterministic miss, for the life of the process. `@workflow/world-local` had
the same exposure all along — including `runFileLocks`, where a duplicated
mutex simply stops mutually excluding.

Add `globalSingleton()` to `@workflow/utils` (the primitive `@workflow/core`
already hand-rolls for its World cache) and route every mutable module-scope
binding in both worlds through it.

Regression cover, in three layers:

- `global-singleton.test.ts` pins the primitive's semantics.
- `ws-transport-module-copies.test.ts` imports the module twice in one
  process and asserts a transport registered by one copy is found by the
  other — it fails on a plain module-scope `Map`, which is the shipped bug.
- `scripts/lint/module-scope-state.mjs` fails the class: an AST rule banning
  mutable module-scope state in these packages, with `// per-copy-ok: <why>`
  as the deliberate escape. Wired into both packages' `vitest run src`, with
  fixture self-tests so it cannot rot into a no-op.

* test(world-postgres): pin the module-scope-state rule for the postgres world

It is deduped today only because `getRuntimeRequire()` loads it — a property
of how it is loaded, not how it is written, and exactly what changed for
world-vercel in #3493. The package is already clean; this keeps it that way.

* docs(worlds): codify "a world must not hold mutable module state"

A world package is loaded one of two ways, and only one of them gives it a
single module instance: a runtime `require()` (deduped by Node) or the host's
bundler (one copy per layer). Which one you get is a property of how the world
is loaded, not of how it is written, and it changed under `world-vercel` in
#3493 — so the rule has to be "never rely on module scope", not "rely on it
until someone flips a config".

Written down in the four places someone can meet it:

- `docs/content/worlds/{v4,v5}/building-a-world.mdx` — a "Process-wide state"
  section for custom-world authors, with the loading modes spelled out and a
  nudge to prefer World-instance state over a global.
- `packages/world/README.md` — the same constraint on the contract package.
- `CLAUDE.md` — so the next contributor working in these packages sees it.
- `packages/core/src/runtime/world.ts` — at the two static imports, which is
  where the difference between a bundled world and a required one originates.

The rule's own error message now teaches it too, rather than naming a helper.

Consolidates the guard while here: `@workflow/utils` owns the rule and its
fixture self-tests, and sweeps every *published* `packages/world-*` discovered
at runtime, so a world package added later is covered without anyone
remembering. Each world keeps a one-assertion mirror for locality.

* style: drop prose em dashes from this branch's new text

#3704 landed a repo-wide writing pass hours after this branch was written and
took `world-vercel/src` from 406 em dashes to 130 (`ws-transport.ts` alone went
35 to 1). This branch's docs section, README, comments and lint messages were
written before that and would have put 36 of them straight back into the files
that were just cleaned.

Rewritten sentence by sentence rather than by substitution: an em dash becomes a
colon, a comma, a full stop or a parenthetical depending on what it was doing.

Also fixes a real defect the sweep surfaced: `world-postgres`'s guard test was
generated through a shell heredoc and had literal backslash-backticks in its
doc comment.

* Update .changeset/world-module-scope-state.md

Co-authored-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pranay Prakash <pranay.gp@gmail.com>

* fix(core): build the entrypoint's queue handler from getWorld()

Adopted from #3666 by @MintedKenny, which implements #3665 and could not run
CI as a fork PR. One line of behavior: `workflowEntrypoint`'s lazy handler
init calls `getWorld()` rather than `getWorldHandlers()`.

`getWorldHandlers()` owns a second, build-time-safe cache, so calling it from
the runtime route built a *second* World in the same process. That costs a
stateful World duplicate resources on every instance — world-postgres eagerly
constructs a `pg.Pool` (default `max: 10`) and a nested world-local World in
`createWorld()`, so self-hosted users have been paying for two of each — and,
for a bundled world package, the two Worlds are built by two different module
copies, which is the mechanism behind the WS transport regression the rest of
this branch contains.

The public `getWorldHandlers()` and its separate build-time cache are
unchanged; only the runtime route stops using it.

Kept from the original: the regression test asserting the factory runs exactly
once, and the api-reference wording (re-applied over #3704's list punctuation).
Not taken: renaming the `workflow.route.get_world_handlers` span. It is a
distinct span from the per-request `workflow.route.get_world` at the top of the
flow route, and reusing that name would collide with it in traces and in
`runtime-trace-mode.test.ts`; a comment records why the name outlived the call.

Co-authored-by: Kenneth <kenneth@standardforensics.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: address AI review on the module-scope work

Two blocking findings, both real:

- **Cross-version state sharing** (`ws-transport.ts`). A process can hold two
  *published versions* of `@workflow/world-vercel` (a transitive dependency
  pinning an older `@workflow/core`, which depends on this package by exact
  version). Both wrote to the same unversioned `Symbol.for` key, so one
  version's write path could be handed a `WsEventsTransport` built by the
  other's class and frame against a protocol it may not share — with no version
  negotiation on the socket to catch it. `shapeVersion` cannot express this: the
  container is stable, the hazard is its contents. The registry and the events
  dispatcher recycler are now keyed by package version. The plain connection
  pools stay unversioned; sharing those across copies is the point.

- **The documented pattern failed the rule this PR adds.** The custom-world docs
  teach `store[StateKey] ??= …`, which the rule flagged as a field write. It now
  recognizes state rooted at `globalThis`, following one alias hop, which is
  also what `core/private.ts:23` and `next/src/index.ts:58` are already doing
  correctly (core drops 26 findings to 22, next 7 to 6). The docs also now say
  outright that `globalSingleton()` is the same thing, since AGENTS.md
  prescribes it and the page did not mention it.

Rule precision, from the review's probes:

- `.mts`/`.cts` are scanned. `@workflow/world-testing` is authored in `.mts`, so
  its entry in the sweep was passing vacuously — with the walk fixed it reports
  a real finding, now annotated (it is a standalone `serve()` entry).
- Mutations in top-level statements no longer count. A table filled at module
  evaluation is identical in every copy; divergence needs a later write.
- `static` class fields are collected, attributed to the class name.
- An *exported* binding initialized to an empty collection is a finding on its
  own, which approximates the cross-file case the walk cannot resolve.

Six fixtures pin the new behavior. The rule's header now states what it does not
see, and AGENTS.md states where the sweep stops and why core is not gated yet.

Also tags `resetGlobalSingletonForTest` `@internal`.

* fix(lint): attribute a static-field write to the field, not the class

The static-field support added in the previous commit keyed `declared` on the
class name, so a class carrying more than one mutable static reported one
finding instead of one per field, and labelled the survivor with whichever
mutation was seen first. On a two-static fixture it reported
`static Registry.latch  (`.set()`)`: the name of one field, the reason
belonging to the other, pointing the reader at the wrong line.

Key static fields `Class.field` and resolve a write to the same shape, via a
new `memberPath()` that takes the first two segments of a member chain and
tries that key before the bare root identifier. Two follow-ons fall out of
having the path:

- `this.field` inside a `static` member resolves to the class, which is the
  ordinary way to write the mutation. `staticClassOf()` returns nothing for an
  instance member, where `this` is an instance and the state is per-instance
  rather than per-copy, and nothing inside a nested `function`, which rebinds
  `this`.
- `state.count++` is now a finding, like the `state.count += 1` that
  `assignment()` already reported.

Fixtures pin all four, including the instance-field case that must stay clean.
The four world packages still report zero, and the extracted `recordMutation()`
keeps the file at its previous two Biome complexity warnings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: make module duplication inert across every bundled package

`@workflow/core` is bundled into the host server build the same way the worlds
are, and always has been — the original repro measured three live copies in
every arm, including the pre-#3493 external one. One instance is not reachable:
layers cannot share a module, and core cannot be external because it *is*
workflow code (`runtime/start.ts:253` and nine methods in `runtime/run.ts` are
`'use step'`), so it must go through the SWC loader. The Next integration
already encodes that rule by removing workflow-bearing packages from
`serverExternalPackages`.

So the duplication stays and the hazard is removed instead, everywhere the
duplication can happen.

`@workflow/core` (22 findings to 0): warn-once latches in `constants.ts`,
`start.ts` and `telemetry.ts`; the source-map tracer cache; the VM script cache;
the QuickJS compiled-assets and baseline caches; the dev-server port cache (its
own comment already said "per process"); the text codecs; the zstd browser
decoder; and the `useStep` closure brand, where a function marked by one copy
was invisible to another.

The one with teeth was `step-single-flight.ts`: a per-copy map is not
single-flight. Two invocations reaching it through different layers would each
believe they were alone in the process and both run the step body, silently
degrading in-process dedup to the cross-process residual its own doc scopes out
to the ownership lease.

Also `@workflow/world` (a warn-once set, hand-rolled onto `globalThis` to keep
that package dependency-free), `@workflow/ai` (the lazy OTel API), and
`@workflow/nest` (bootstrap config in a module-level `let` and two static class
fields — configure one copy, read another, and the controller is unconfigured
for the life of the process).

Five sites are deliberately per-copy and now say why: state keyed on objects
that never cross copies (the barrier safety-net `WeakSet`, the QuickJS pending
byte `WeakMap`), the synchronously-scoped guest-code sink, and the OTel
diagnostic that reports what *this* copy sees.

The sweep now covers all of it. Packages with a single module graph stay out
(build-time code, the CLI, the o11y UI, the test runner) and AGENTS.md records
which and why.

Found while doing this: two static fields on one class collapsed into a single
entry in the rule, so `WorkflowModule.options` was invisible behind
`WorkflowModule.outDir`. Statics are now keyed `Class.field`.

* fix(world): suppress noAssignInExpressions on the globalThis idiom

The hand-rolled form trips Biome, as it does in `packages/core/src/private.ts`,
which carries the same suppression. Restructuring it into a helper function
instead would hide the state behind a call the module-scope rule cannot follow,
so the binding would stop being recognized as off-module and the package would
report a finding for correct code.

* fix: sweep every bundled package, and mark utils side-effect free

@shalabhc asked on review whether `@workflow/utils` needs this too. It does,
and so do three others: `utils`, `errors`, `serde` and `workflow` all end up in
the host application's server build and none were in the sweep. All four report
zero today, which is exactly the state `world-testing` appeared to be in before
the `.mts` walk was fixed and it turned out to have a real finding. Being clean
and being *checked* are different properties, and only the second one survives
the next contributor.

`sideEffects: false` on `@workflow/utils`: verified that every module in the
package only declares (no import-time work), so a bundler can now drop the
unused parts of the barrel instead of keeping all ~64 KB of it because three
packages import one 476-byte function.

---------

Signed-off-by: Pranay Prakash <pranay.gp@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kenneth <kenneth@standardforensics.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Wielander <peter.wielander@vercel.com>
* Default the events transport to WebSockets

WORKFLOW_EVENTS_TRANSPORT=http is the opt-out. Only that exact value
disables it, so a typo'd or empty value fails toward the default rather
than quietly pinning a deployment to HTTP.

The prerequisite the gate named for defaulting on is met:
postEventFrameOverWs opens a client span per frame. What is still missing
is Vercel's outgoing-requests view, which reads instrumented fetch calls
rather than spans and so cannot show a transport that issues no request.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* docs: WORKFLOW_EVENTS_TRANSPORT defaults to ws

Three places still documented http as the default. Each now states the
opt-out is the exact value http, rather than leaving 'default: ws' to
imply that anything non-ws disables it — the asymmetry is deliberate in
the code and is the part a reader would otherwise get wrong.

Also drops 'Experimental' from the Vercel World page: a setting that is
on for everyone by default is not opt-in experimental, whatever else it
is.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* Fix the gate's own unit tests for the flipped default

Five tests in ws-transport.test.ts still encoded the opt-in semantics.
Three were the isWsEventsTransportEnabled table itself; the other two
(openWsChannel 'does nothing when the gate is off', and the channel
release equivalent) relied on the suite's ambient unset environment
meaning 'off', which it no longer does. Both now set http explicitly.

Two tests in ws-transport-spans.test.ts asserted HTTP-side span
behaviour the same way. The write one would have kept passing by
falling through resolveWsTransport's null rather than because the gate
was off - passing for the wrong reason, which is what this file exists
to catch.

Also makes the opt-out case-insensitive and trimmed. The gate is
deliberately asymmetric - unrecognized values take the default - but
that asymmetry should not extend to swallowing HTTP or ' http '.
Whoever reaches for the escape hatch is plausibly mid-incident, and
silently ignoring their opt-out over a capital letter is the same class
of silent-wrong-transport bug this flip is meant to stop shipping.

554 tests pass in packages/world-vercel.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* ci: add a required forced-HTTP e2e lane (#3703)

Flipping the default makes e2e-vercel-prod a WebSocket lane: it sets no
WORKFLOW_EVENTS_TRANSPORT, and unset now means ws. Nothing in the file
would exercise the HTTP events transport against a real deployment any
more, so this is not additive coverage — it replaces coverage the flip
silently removed.

Unconditional and required rather than label-gated like the WS lane.
HTTP is now the fallback, and the fallback is silent: resolveWsTransport
returning null costs a write nothing and logs nothing, which is the
shape of the durabench bug this stack came out of.

Two apps rather than the WS lane's four, since every row is a real
vercel deploy charged to every PR. nextjs-turbopack is the only fixture
emitting OTEL spans, so it is the one that can show which transport
actually ran; express covers the non-Next server path.

Also corrects the WS lane's docblock, which claimed every other job
exercises HTTP only. That stopped being true one commit ago.

Co-authored-by: vercel[bot] <35613825+vercel[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* Fail loudly when step_completed falls back to HTTP under a strict flag

The WS e2e lane asserts that the transport is harmless, not that it is
used: an event written over HTTP produces the same run outcome as one
written over the socket, so the lane stayed green through the entire
period the transport was silently demoted.

WORKFLOW_INTERNAL_EVENTS_TRANSPORT_STRICT turns that one case into a
failed run, and the WS lane now sets it.

Scoped to step_completed alone, because most fallback is legitimate:
run_created is written outside any invocation that opens a channel;
run_started routinely lands before the channel is registered (34% HTTP
on a healthy deployment); step_created and wait_created mostly fold into
events.createBatch, which is not wired to the socket; and a write after
the invocation released its claim falls back by design. step_completed
is issued after a step body has run, and was 100% ws across every
WS-enabled deployment measured on two SDK versions.

The flag reads as off unless the value is exactly 1 or true - the
opposite asymmetry from the transport gate, which treats an unrecognized
value as on. That gate risks a deployment sitting quietly on the wrong
transport; this one fails runs, and should not be acquired by a typo.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* ci: run the WS transport lane on every PR

It was opt-in behind ws-transport-test because four real vercel deploys
were too much to charge an unrelated PR for a transport that was off by
default. Flipping the default expires that reasoning from both ends: the
cost is no longer for someone else's feature, and this is now the only
lane that asserts the socket carried the events. e2e-vercel-prod
inherits the new default but checks nothing, so behind a label the
average PR would move every deployment onto WebSockets with nothing
verifying they were used.

Drops WS_REQUIRED from the gate along with it. That existed only to let
the lane be legitimately skipped on an unlabelled PR; with no label the
lane is required unconditionally, like e2e-vercel-prod and the HTTP
lane, and the skipped case is now a failure rather than a warning.

Gate script extracted and run against the cases that matter: ws skipped
fails on a standard PR, ws skipped fails under workflow-server-test, and
all-green passes.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

* ci: widen the HTTP transport lane to six server shapes

Before the flip, HTTP was the default and all 28 e2e-vercel-prod
lane-runs covered it. After the flip they cover WebSockets instead, and
this lane is the entirety of the HTTP coverage - two apps was too thin
for a transport that is still supported.

Six, not the full 14, because every row is a real vercel deploy charged
to every PR. Chosen by server shape rather than count: example
(baseline), nextjs-turbopack (Next, and the only fixture emitting OTEL
spans), vite (Vite SSR), express (Node req/res), nitro (h3, also covers
nuxt) and hono (fetch-API Request/Response, a different mount shape from
express). The rest duplicate a shape already covered; python is left out
because it has no conformance gate and needs routes this suite does not
serve.

The first four match the WS lane's matrix on purpose, so the same
fixture runs on both transports and a failure on one can be read against
the other.

Project ids and slugs are copied from e2e-vercel-prod and verified equal
to it; both lanes already use the same team and token.

Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com>

Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: vercel[bot] <35613825+vercel[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
* Revert "[world] Make the sealed log opt-in instead of default-on (#3735)"

Reverts b2cac62. New runs are stamped at spec 7 again, now that a
read which cannot see past an unfilled position waits for it instead of
reporting a log that ends there (workflow-server: derive the in-request
seal poll budget from the staleness bound).

Two things are kept from #3735 rather than reverted:

- the world-testing conformance floor at mintedSpecVersion(), which was
  wrong for any staged bump and not specific to this default
- a note on mintedSpecVersion recording what default-on rests on: the
  events density requirement, and that a sealed log meets it by repair
  rather than by construction, so the READ has to wait

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* TEMPORARY: point world-vercel at workflow-server#839 preview

Validating the seal-poll-budget fix end to end with spec 7 on. Reverted
before merge; the override lint guard is expected to fail meanwhile.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Revert "TEMPORARY: point world-vercel at workflow-server#839 preview"

This reverts commit 5e17cc9.

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Shin <128954611+shin4141@users.noreply.github.com>
@pull pull Bot locked and limited conversation to collaborators Aug 22, 2026
@pull pull Bot added the ⤵️ pull label Aug 22, 2026
@pull
pull Bot merged commit 3c0d60b into erickirt:main Aug 22, 2026
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4 participants