🌧️ RainData - Historical Precipitation Data Explorer

Web application for exploring, visualizing, downloading, and analyzing historical precipitation data from INMET automatic weather stations in Brazil.

🚀 Key Features

• 🗺️ Interactive Map:

  • Geospatial visualization of INMET automatic weather stations across Brazil using Folium.
  • Click on a station marker to view information and access the Dataset Explorer.

• 📊 Dataset Explorer:

  • Dynamic Filters: Filter stations by operational status and records by date range.
  • Interactive Charts: Time-series visualization of available numerical variables.
  • Metadata Display: Station code, coordinates, and operational status.
  • Data Download: Export filtered records as CSV or download the distributed dataset as ZIP.

• 💧 Hydrological & Statistical Analysis:

  • Monthly Climatology: Mean monthly precipitation, driest and wettest months, and hydrological-year identification.
  • Probability Distributions: Fits GEV, Gumbel, Log-Normal, and Pearson Type III distributions to annual maximum daily precipitation.
  • Kolmogorov-Smirnov Criterion: Candidate distributions are compared using the KS statistic, and the distribution with the smallest value is selected.
  • PDF & CDF: Visualization of empirical and fitted probability distributions.
  • IDF Curves & HMax: Maximum precipitation by return period and Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for return periods from 2 to 100 years.
  • SPI-1 Index: Standardized Precipitation Index at the one-month timescale, calculated from complete monthly precipitation records.
  • Data-Quality Warnings: Record-length and applicability warnings are displayed for frequency analysis, IDF, and SPI-1 results.

• ⚡ Efficient Data Storage:

  • Uses Apache Parquet files for compact station-level storage and data loading.
  • Hydrological and statistical analyses are computed on demand for the selected station.

• 🌍 Bilingual Support: English and Portuguese (PT-BR).

📡 Data Source

The precipitation data used in this project originate from BDMEP (Banco de Dados Meteorológicos do INMET), maintained by INMET (National Institute of Meteorology - Brazil).

The current dataset focuses on daily precipitation records from INMET automatic weather stations and is updated periodically through a curator-driven workflow.

🛠️ Tech Stack

• Language: Python
• Framework: Streamlit
• Data Processing: Pandas, NumPy
• Statistical Analysis: SciPy
• Visualization: Matplotlib, Folium
• Data Storage: Apache Parquet

📂 Project Structure

raindata/
├── app.py                     # Application entry point and navigation
├── src/
│   ├── functions/             # Data processing, hydrology, statistics, and charts
│   └── utils/                 # Internationalization and application utilities
├── pages/
│   ├── home.py                # Home page and interactive station map
│   ├── explorer_page.py       # Dataset Explorer and data downloads
│   └── data_analysis_page.py  # Hydrological and statistical analyses
├── data/
│   ├── metadata_estacoes.parquet
│   └── dados_*.parquet        # Station-level precipitation datasets
└── requirements.txt           # Project dependencies

⚙️ Installation & Usage

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone https://github.com/wmpjrufg/raindata.git
   cd raindata

2. Create a virtual environment:

   python3 -m venv .venv
   source .venv/bin/activate  # Linux/Mac
   # or
   .venv\Scripts\activate     # Windows

3. Install dependencies:

   pip install -r requirements.txt

4. Run the App:

   streamlit run app.py

⚠️ Scope of Use

RainData is intended for research, exploratory hydrological analysis, planning, and preliminary engineering assessments.

IDF curves are based on empirical DAEE/CETESB rainfall-disaggregation coefficients and should be interpreted as screening and pre-design estimates rather than locally calibrated design relationships. SPI-1 and extreme-rainfall frequency results should also be interpreted considering the available record length and data completeness.

🎨 Theme

The application uses a custom dark theme with blue accents. Configuration is located in .streamlit/config.toml.